فصلنامه دراسات الادب المعاصر
سال سیزدهم شماره 4 (پیاپی 52، شتاء 2022)

The present research is carried out in the comparative literature framework and intends to compare some of the common educational concepts in children's diwan of Ahmad Showghi and Suleiman Al-Issa in comparative literature the framework by relying on their poems; since children's literature is one of the significant sections in the literature of any nation, so it is important to address it. In this research, these questions are answered: What are the common educational concepts in the children's diwan of two poets and also what is the reason for the conceptual differences between the poems of the two poets? Both poets seem to have been influenced by their society, and therefore the common meanings of their poems stem from their concerns. Suleiman al-Issa also deals with the influence of new literary currents on the subject of entertainment, while Showghi pays attention to the details of moral education. The results show that both poets pay attention to educational concepts and in addition to the conceptual differences in their poems, we can point to the common concepts of their poetries such as moral and social values, freedom, patriotism and independence.

Today, artists are interested to do group activities to create works more than ever, because these groups are made up of people with different specialties. It is a method in which each discipline fully preserves its concepts, structure, principles, ethics and methods, as well as the order in which they are presented, which two or more disciplines are combined with unique programs and, of course, specific methods. Each discipline examines specific topics, and perhaps the importance of different perspectives from different specialties on a topic is one of the reasons for following the mentioned methods. The topics of Quranic sciences and their expansion to literary and rhetorical themes from the perspective of different disciplines help to deepen the position and correct understanding of the meanings of the words of revelation. This study aims to define the status of Quranic concepts from a literary and rhetorical point of view. The applied method of the present study is descriptive – analytical and the used tools are library resources in the fields of Arabic interpretation, literature and rhetoric. The results of this study show that the evaluation of Quranic concepts from the perspective of various sciences refers to the progress and developments of the contemporary literary period, where the author enters the field of Quran to find a suitable text for study and research in Arabic and familiarity with contemporary topics.

Muthaffar Al-Nawab and Seyed Ashrafedin Hosseini, nicknamed North Breeze (Nasim e Shomal), have patriotic and libertarian tendencies and enjoy almost the same tactics to support the homeland and fight against colonialism and tyranny. Both live in an age where the political, social, and literary atmosphere of their countries are very similar. They consider literature as a means of enlightening society and apply it for this very purpose, and used poetry, music, and aesthetic elements to convey their message to their audiences. They both love their compatriots and have awareness, awakening, and responsibility. Each has his own worldview and thoughts, and the secret of their penetrating words is recognizing the literary taste of their compatriots and expressing the issues and problems of the masses. The two are constantly pursuing their ideal community; a society that is free from oppression and discrimination and encourages everyone to achieve it, and does not tolerate oppression and discrimination against human beings, and acts to eradicate it with their thoughts and pens.

There has been an old and new confrontation in the field of poetry and speech since very past to the present. The present article intends to compare Hassan Vahid Dastgerdi’s (1258-1321) Viewpoint as a pro-traditional poetry critic and Yadollah Royaei (1311) as a pro-modernist critic in Persian poetry, about poetry and poesy by applying inductive method and studies Yadollah Royaei and Vahid Dastgerdi’s articles and comments in Armaghan magazine The result of the research shows that Vahid Dastgerdi considers poetry as a medium for conveying high moral and mystical concepts by adhering to traditions. In contrast, Yadollah Royaei emphasizes the intelligent use of image, language and the coherence of poetic elements. For Vahid Dastgerdi, it is important to enjoy rhythm and rhyme, but not for a Royaei; but both poems are considered linguistic art.

The Timurid period is a period in the history of Iran in which women do not have a favorable position. Jami, one of the prominent poets of this century in Haft Aurang, has a dual and often negative approach to women in referring to the women of his Masnavi; In contrast, the situation has changed during the constitutional period. In the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poets, this change of attitude and improvement of the position of women can be clearly seen. This can be related both to the political and social conditions of the poet's age and to his personal view of women. Analytical-descriptive study shows that Jami in Leili and Majnoon presents a positive image of female characteristics such as beauty, loyalty, intellect, etc. introduced as a liar and lustful. This dual approach is also observed in the Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poetries, with the difference that a positive attitude towards women is more prominent. Woman is not only mentioned as a mistress, but also the rationality, personality and humanity of women In Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār’s poems.

Despite of being a small religious sect, the Mandaeans, in the period of the rise and spread of Christianity or after the rise of Islam, especially after emerging of Arab and Islamic civilization during the Abbasid period, in the development of spiritual and intellectual life in Mesopotamia and the lands where They did, they played a prominent role, and among them brilliant scientific personalities made a great contribution to the promotion of Arab and Islamic civilization. Unfortunately, in spite of mentioning the religion of some other writers of their time, the historians have limited themselves to the biography and mention of their literature and sciences, without mentioning their religion; but this is acceptable because of the Mandaeans' insistence on keeping secret or the fear of announcing their religion or the lack of transparency in the philosophy of this religion. The findings of the present article show that there were Mandaeans personalities who had a valuable contribution to Islamic civilization and culture, and some of them became Muslims later, which were not addressed in previous research. The study seeks to find the influence and role of the intellectuals of this religious sect in promoting different cultures and sciences and ethics for the development of spiritual and intellectual life in the lands of their residence through descriptive – analytical and library methods in collecting data.